Things You Should Know About Diabetes

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Diabetes

The chronic ailment diabetes is characterized by a protracted struggle with regulating the levels of glucose in the bloodstream.This predicament arises due to the failure of the cells in the body to respond to insulin with efficiency or the inadequacy of insulin production by the pancreas, which is responsible for manufacturing this vital hormone. Insulin is a hormone that facilitates the transportation of glucose throughout the body and serves as the primary source of energy.

Types of Diabetes

Categorically, diabetes has three types, each with distinct symptoms and causes.

Type 1 Diabetes: This type results from the immune system of the body's unrelenting attack and destruction of the pancreatic cells responsible for insulin production. The onset of this condition typically occurs during childhood or adolescence, hence the nickname juvenile diabetes. Those affected by this form of diabetes require insulin therapy for their entire life.

Type 2 Diabetes: This type of diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is often attributable to lifestyle choices, including physical inactivity, excessive consumptionofprocessed foods,and obesity. It accounts for approximately 90-95% of diabetes diagnose worldwide, making it the most prevalent form.

Gestational Diabetes: This form of diabetes is characterized by an increase in glucose levels during pregnancy, causing difficulties for both the mother and the unborn child. Inadequate management of gestational diabetes can lead to serious health complications, such as kidney disease, heart disease, nerve damage, blindness, and  stroke.

Causes of Diabetes

Various factors can contribute to the development of diabetes, including:

1. Specific genetic mutations passed down from generation to generation.

2. Obesity or being overweight can lead to insulin resistance, which can, in turn,  result in diabetes.

3. Inadequate physical activity or a sedentary lifestyle can heighten the risk of diabetes.

4. A diet lacking in nutritional value and high in processed foods and added sugars increases the risk of developing diabetes.

5. Certain medications, such as glucocorticoids and thiazide diuretics, can elevate a person's risk of developing diabetes.

6. Individuals with cystic fibrosis and pancreatitis have an increased risk of developing diabetes.

7. Gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, can also be transmitted to the unborn child.

8. Some viral infections, such as mumps and the Coxsackie virus, can trigger diabetes.

Symptoms of Diabetes

Symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst and urination, fatigue, blurred vision,  slow wound healing, and recurring infections. In severe cases, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may also be present. Some individuals with type 2 diabetes may not exhibit any symptoms, and the condition may only be diagnosed during a routine medical examination.

A healthcare professional should be consulted for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes

To prevent and manage diabetes, lifestyle changes such as a healthy, balanced diet,  regular exercise, weight maintenance, stress management, and avoiding smoking and alcohol are recommended. Medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor activators, SGLT2 antagonists, and insulin may be prescribed to manage blood sugar levels.

Conclusion

It's essential to note that controlling or preventing diabetes requires lifelong commitment, including regular medical checkups, blood sugar monitoring, and adjustments to treatment as necessary.